The Role of Technology in Supply Chains - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2280 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Did you like this example? Introduction This short paper aims to describe the role of technology in supply chains and assess its advantages and disadvantages. Supply chain management comprises the active management of organisational procurement, logistics, production and distribution activities for the maximisation of customer value and achievement of competitive advantage (Carter Rogers, 2008). It concerns the effective and optimal management of goods from the procurement of raw materials from basic suppliers to the delivery of products to ultimate consumers, and even beyond in terms of the return or the consumption or disposal of such goods (Carter Rogers, 2008). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Role of Technology in Supply Chains" essay for you Create order Several developments in recent years have however resulted in significant changes in organisational attitudes towards supply chains, sharply enhanced focus upon the area, and efforts for increasing the effectiveness of the SCM function (Chopra Meindl, 2012). Various geopolitical and socioeconomic developments like the growth of a unipolar global order, the dominance of market-oriented economic activity, globalisation, economic liberalisation, and tremendous advances in transportation and communication technology, have resulted in enormous expansion of markets and the dispersal of production and manufacturing centres (Chopra Meindl, 2012) With organisations engaging in sourcing of raw materials, production, research and development and sales and marketing in geographically distant locations, modern firms are placing great stress upon optimising the efficiencies and cost effectiveness of their SCM functions (Ghorban, 2011). Such organisational focus on enhancement of SCM effect iveness has also led to constant efforts for technological up-gradation and introduction of new technologies for optimisation of supply chain and enhancement of organisational competitiveness (Kremian, 2013). This paper describes and discusses some of these modern SCM technologies, the reasons for their induction and their merits and demerits. It attempts to detail the advantages and disadvantages of new technological introductions in SCM, making use of theory as well as several practical applications, especially in the area of warehouse management. Introduction of New Technologies in SCM Activities and Processes Ghorban (2011) stated that technology has crept into SCM in a gradual and progressive manner, commencing with actions like electronic invoicing, computerised tracking and shipping and automated notifications and moving on to diverse and numerous other applications. Such incorporation of new technologies is being driven by diverse forces, like increasing customer expectations, intensification of competition, increasing fuel costs and greater demand for inventory control and Just in Time (JIT) management (Faze, 1997). It is important to appreciate that contemporary technology has extensive capabilities, with regard to ensuring organisational production in line with schedules, the anticipation and correction of mistakes and the making of modifications for guaranteeing top quality products (Intermec Technologies Corporation, 2007). Each and every link in a supply chain can be simultaneously monitored and automated notification systems can be used for sending messages to diverse play ers through different channels (Intermec Technologies Corporation, 2007). Some of the top trends and technologies impacting supply chain operations, spanning production, distribution, retailing and remote servicing include (1) comprehensive connectivity, (2) voice and GPS communication integrated to rugged computers, (3) speech recognition, (4) digital imaging, (5) portable printing, (6) bar-coding advances, (7) remote management and (8) wireless and device security (Cohen Roussel, 2013). Taking up the case of voice and GPS communication, leading cellular carriers have certified the utility of rugged hand held computers, which facilitate voice communication, data connection and cell phone functionality through one device (Cohen Roussel, 2013). Stanley Steemer, a carpet cleaning franchisee made use of GPS and real time two-way communication to improve efficiencies, which resulted in the elimination of a fulltime despatch official at each of its branches and greatly reduced the time required for completion of process paper work (Chopra Meindl, 2012). Software programme and cloud computing have significantly improved material and product tracking, with real time updates of status now available without difficulty (Vella, 2012). These programmes furthermore allow business firms to adjust production schedules and inventory levels on a real time basis (Vella, 2012). With companies appreciating the advantages of technology incorporation in SCM, several multinational corporations have taken the lead and stand out as pioneers in the area(Intermec Technologies Corporation, 2007). The John Deere Company made use of sophisticated logistics management software to enhance its onetime shipments to dealers from 60 to 92 percent, even as it reduced its inventory by 1 billion USD(Intermec Technologies Corporation, 2007). Nike worked with DHL Supply Chain to implement radio based product monitoring for warehouse and distribution purposes and real time delivery notificatio ns, thereby reducing costs and increasing efficiencies(Ghorban, 2011). Walmart, the largest global retailer, has long been known for its SCM processes(Ghorban, 2011). The company is constantly engaged in using modern technology and network systems for predicting demand, tracking inventory levels and planning efficient transport routes(Ghorban, 2011). It is important, in this context to appreciate that the introduction of new technologies has resulted in significant alterations in the conduct of specific SCM functions, like warehouse management (Halldorsson et al., 2007)). Searching for enhancements in efficiency and profitability, modern organisations have adopted various new technologies that have resulted in significant transformations in the management of warehousing functions(Carter Rogers, 2008). The introduction of wireless technology and mobility has resulted in the development of a range of new products for enhancement of organisational productivity and profitability(Cart er Rogers, 2008). Some of these technological innovations are detailed below: Warehouse Management Systems Developments in warehouse management systems are being used to assist business firms in controlling the movement and storage of materials within warehouses (Simchi-Levi et al., 2007). Such systems are being used for diverse warehouse management functions like inventory management, including transactions like receiving, picking, packing and shipping, real-time monitoring of stocks, progression of products through warehouses and ensuring the elimination of obsolescence(Intermec Technologies Corporation, 2007). Barcode Labels and Scanners Barcode scanners, which were developed soon after the introduction of wireless technology, have become a common element of warehouse equipment (Vella, 2012). Barcode scanners are hardware devices that enable users to read barcodes, printout labels or product information and log products into the database of the warehouse management system (Vella, 2012). They are available in various types and come with different utilities (Poirier Quinn, 2006). Barcode label printers are used by warehouse managers for printing product labels, shipping labels and bin labels(Reinertsen, 2009). Easy to use and cost effective, these devices help business firms to enhance the accessibility of management and data and augment productivity(Reinertsen, 2009). Voice Hardware Voice technology has recently been introduced in the area of warehouse management (Poirier Quinn, 2006). These devices are now being used by firms to determine and finalise the amount of goods to be picked up (Vella, 2012). Voice hardware devices are fastened to wireless computers, with the data being transmitted to the device at the time of picking an order to ensure that the picker knows the product and the amount of items to be picked (Simchi-Levi et al., 2007). Several companies have started incorporating voice hardware, despite its costs, in order to save time(Ghorban, 2011). Mobile Computers Mobile computers are basically barcode scanners with their own display screens and operating systems(Reinertsen, 2009). The hardware for these products has been designed to ensure that they can function like portable PCs with barcode scanning capabilities(Ghorban, 2011). With mobility becoming increasingly desirable, organisations are adopting mobile warehouse management solutions(Ghorban, 2011). Such devices are proving to be extremely beneficial for organisations wishing to enhance accessibility to real time data and employee productivity (Poirier Quinn, 2006). Advantages and Disadvantages of Introduction of New Technology in Supply Chain Management There is little doubt of the various advantages that can arise for companies from the adoption of new technology (Poirier Quinn, 2006). Several firms have been able to achieve significant reductions in costs through the use of barcodes, advanced picking and other technologies in order to leverage their warehouse and transportation management systems (Poirier Quinn, 2006). Several organisations have made use of advanced planning and scheduling systems for bringing about dramatic reductions in inventory levels and improving customer service (Poirier Quinn, 2006). Pujawan (2004) stated that the introduction of new technology was likely to result in enhanced costs, disruption of work and the need to learn new things and eliminate old practices. He furthermore stated that modern businesses have, despite these challenges, been able to apply technology to convert their supply chain into profit generators through the reduction of costs and inventory levels and the enhancement of custome r service (Pujawan, 2004). Coke, for example, upgraded its demand planning and collaboration capabilities into 2005 through the introduction of new inventory management processes, supported by software(Ghorban, 2011). This enabled the firm to improve fill rates by 15% and reduce inventory levels by 50%(Ghorban, 2011). The organisation was able to simultaneously absorb a 300% increase in product offerings, which resulted in a surge in profits through the reduction of assets and the support in enhancement of revenues through greater product availability(Ghorban, 2011). The introduction of new technologies in SCM must however be carried out with great care and thought and in accordance with organisational requirements (Pujawan, 2004). New devices and system are expensive to purchase and install (Pujawan, 2004). Their utilisation furthermore calls for significant training and haphazard and unplanned implementation can result in a number of organisational problems(Carter Rogers, 2008) . Investigation into the problems and disadvantages of introduction of new technology into SCM revealed that several organisations have faced different types of problems on this account(Carter Rogers, 2008). A retailer specialising in childrens toys, for example, exceeded both the time schedule and the budget in the implementation of a new fulfilment system(Carter Rogers, 2008). The occurrence of the Christmas demand spike before the completion of the fulfilment system led to severe challenges in the processing of orders (Sharma, 2010). Whilst organisational employees worked for 50 days at a stretch without holidays to satisfy customers, the firm was forced to delay deliveries till after Christmas to thousands of their buyers(Carter Rogers, 2008). SCM experts have stated that the width and scope of common SCM processes, like, for example, warehousing or transportation, are so extensive that the introduction of new technology was likely to involve significant costs, time and ch allenges associated with organisational change(Simchi-Levi et al., 2007). The majority of new technologies comprisedboth hardware and software and are expensive to purchase and install (Simchi-Levi et al., 2007). Organisations with limited operations and funds may thus not be able to obtain commensurate benefits from the implementation of such technologies by way of cost reduction or enhanced business (Sharma, 2010). Many of these new systems are furthermore complex in nature and take time to install and operate(Carter Rogers, 2008). With such installation likely to disrupt existing organisational operations, the managers of firms introducing new technologies have to plan their strategies in this regard with great care to ensure minimisation of operational disruption and customer dissatisfaction(Carter Rogers, 2008). It is also important to keep in mind that the introduction of new technologies is bound to result in significant changes in operational activities and possibly to re dundancy of labour, both of which could result in change resistance amongst employees and to opposition to organisational plans in this regard (Simchi-Levi et al., 2007). Conclusions The study reveals that whilst the introduction of new technologies in organisational SCM processes can result in several types of organisational benefits by way of (a) reduction of costs, (b) lowering of time, (c) reduction in inventory, (d) elimination of people and (e) enhancement of volumes amongst others, such introduction was likely to be expensive, complex and demanding in nature(Carter Rogers, 2008). Organisational managements should, in such circumstances, introduce new technologies only after ascertaining the benefits from such actions for their organisations (Poirier Quinn, 2006). Great care should also be taken in the planning, implementation and installation of these technologies, with particular regard to operational disruption and organisational change (Poirier Quinn, 2006). It has for example been explained earlier that the introduction of new technologies could help in reduction of costs through elimination of people. Such redundancies could however result in e mployee dissatisfaction and organisational strife. Organisational managements must, when introducing new technologies, take care to consider the various aspects and consequences of such actions and take appropriate actions. Lack of thought and care in these areas could result in inadequate and inappropriate implementation and extremely adverse organisational consequences (Poirier Quinn, 2006). References Carter, C., Rogers, D., (2008), A framework of sustainable supply chain management: moving toward new theory, International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, Vol. 38, Iss (5): pp.360 387. Chopra, S., Meindl, P., (2012), Supply Chain Management, 5th edition, NJ: Prentice Hall. Cohen, S., Roussel, J., (2013), Strategic Supply Chain Management: The Five Core Disciplines for Top Performance, Second Edition, NY: McGraw Hill Education. Faze, F., (1997), A comparative analysis of Inventory costs of JIT and EOQ purchasing, International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, Vol. 27, Iss (8): pp. 496 504. Ghorban, M., (2011), How Technology Can Ease Supply Chain Management and Mitigate Risk, Available at: https://www.supplychainbrain.com/content/general-scm/sc-analysis-consulting/single-article-page/article/how-technology-can-ease-supply-chain-management-and-mitigate-risk/(accessed May 27, 2015). Halldorsson, A., Kotzab, H., Mikkola, J. H., Skjoett-Larsen, T., (2007), Complementary theories to supply chain management, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol.12, Issue 4, 284-296. Intermec Technologies Corporation, (2007), Top 10 Supply Chain Technology Trends, Available at: https://www.mirnah.com/images/White_Papers/Trends_SupplyChain/Top10Tech_wp.pdf Kremian, Z., (2013), X Does it Right: Apples Supply Chain Management Secrets, Available at: https://www.supplytimes.com/inventory-management/x-does-it-right-apples-supply-chain-management-secrets/?mode=featured Poirier, C., Quinn, F., (2006), Solid Gains, Supply Chain Management Review, Vol. 10, Iss (1): pp. 35-41. Pujawan, I. N., (2004), Assessing supply chain flexibility: a conceptual framework and case study, International Journal of Integrated Supply Management, Vol. 1, Iss (1): pp. 79-97. Reinertsen, D., (2009), The Principles of Product Development Flow: Second Generation Lean Product Development, UK: Celeritas Publishing. Sharm a, S., (2010), Supply Chain Management- Concepts, Practices and Implementation, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Simchi-Levi, D., Kaminsky, P., Simchi-Levi, E., (2007), Designing and managing the supply chain, New York: McGraw Hill. Vella, D., (2012), Using technology to improve supply chain management, Available at: https://globalpurchasing.com/supply-chain/using-technology-improve-supply-chain-management

Lung Cancer The Leading Cause Of Death Caused By Cancer

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Transforming the Influence of the Media on our Lives Free Essays

Our goal in this publication is to help our readers lay a foundation for transforming the influence of the media on their lives. It is in all of our interests to critically assess, rather than mindlessly accept, news media pronouncements. Our hope is that we can aid readers to become more independent, insightful, and critical in responding to the content of news media messages and storiesIf objectivity or fairness in the construction of news stories is thought of as equivalent to presenting all the facts and only the facts (â€Å"All the news that’s fit to print†), objectivity and fairness is an illusion. We will write a custom essay sample on Transforming the Influence of the Media on our Lives or any similar topic only for you Order Now No human knows more than a small percentage of the facts and it is not possible to present all the facts (even if one did know them). It isn’t even possible to present all the important facts, for many criteria compete for determining what is â€Å"impor- tant. †We must therefore always ask,â€Å"What has been left out of this article? †Ã¢â‚¬Å"What would I think if different facts had been highlighted here? †Ã¢â‚¬Å"What if this article had been written by those who hold a point of view opposite to the one embedded in the story as told?† For example, people commonly consider facts to be important to the extent that they have significant implications for them personally: Is any given event going to affect what they want, how much is it going to cost them, how is it going to influence their income, their living conditions, their leisure, their convenience? How some given event is going to affect others, especially others far away and out of sight, is quite another matter. There is therefore a large divergence among the news media of the world as to what is presented as â€Å"significant† in the world. How to cite Transforming the Influence of the Media on our Lives, Papers

Lenovo Strategic Plan free essay sample

This thesis practices the baud five powers model theory, the value chain theory, the core competition theory and the SWOT analysis theory to analyze and study the inner and outer surroundings of Lenovo group. Company background Lenovo Group was established in 1984 in the Chinese Beijing, the company mainly produces desktop computer, notebook computer, server, printer, palmtop computer, motherboards, mobile phone and other electronic products. Is a leading global PC business, the original Lenovo and IBMs personal computer division and combination. Lenovo reelected since 1997 Chinas domestic market sales of the first, in 1994 and listed in Hongkong. Corporate positioning Associations engaged in the development, manufacture and sales of the most reliable, secure and easy-to-use technology products. Their success is the result of tireless efforts to help customers improve productivity, enhance the quality of life. Core values Customer success we are dedicated to the satisfaction and success of every customer. Innovation we pursue innovation that matters to our customers and the company, at the same time, quickly and efficiently to promote its implementation. Integrity we always trust, honesty and sense of responsibility, whether internal or external. Multiple win-wins: we promote mutual understanding, value diversity, and global perspective to look at our culture. PESTEL analysis The political environment Lenovo has strong political background and he national support. Lenovo Group was founded by Chinese Academy of science and technology investment in computing science and technology research, and the Hongkong Lenovo Inc by the Chinese Institute of science and technology of Lenovo Group and Hongkong joint venture founded. Economic environment Good economic environment, economic environment consists of factors affect consumer purchasing power and spending patterns, analysis of Chinas current economic environment, we draw the following conclusion: the financial crisis led to the economic environment of tightening, but the computer industry chain to maintain good growth trend. Social environment The social demand for products, China and the world is still great purchasing power, once the enterprise in orbit, the value of the enterprise is reflected. Technology environment Lenovo Group was founded by Chinese Academy of science and technology investment in computing science and technology research, and the Hongkong Lenovo Inc by the Chinese Institute of science and technology of Lenovo Group and Hongkong joint venture founded. Chinese Academy of Sciences, computing has more than 1800 kinds of computer professionals, strong technical strength, in the field of computer technology on behalf of the state to the highest level, known as the birthplace of China computer technology. Legal environment analysis The domestic legal support, perfect legal system Nature environment analysis. China is rich in natural resources, is conducive to the development of the manufacturing industry, traffic facilities are perfect, manufacturing centralized distribution Five powers model theory Industry potential the threat of new entrants The first is the foreign digital giants to enter the Chinese market The second is now do downstream products suppliers and retailers The third is a self-contained entrepreneurship in China PC Market The competition in the industry Industry concentration is high, growth speed, with the progress of technology, cost and not too much change All products have a clear positioning; the user is usually on the transformation of existing products. To improve the productivity of the industry The computer industry is a high profit and high risk Substitute product After Chinas entry into the WTO, foreign market to improve participation will increase the threat of substitutes for the existing professional business enterprise. The extensive use of mobile phone (Internet), reduce computer sales to a certain extent. Bargaining ability with suppliers PC is a sophisticated instrument, major CPU vendors only two, AMDINTEL, PC hard drive manufacturers have Samsung, patriotic and other main business for PC manufacturers, has weakened the bargaining power of manufacturers. Overall, most of the PC hardware are provided by the suppliers, not by the manufacturers, strong ability of PC manufacturers bargaining. But many suppliers in foreign countries, for the China PC market, local brands have obvious advantages. Bargaining ability with buyers The products’ price is cheaper, customer bargaining ability are stronger, just as Chinese domestic computer, small profits but quick turnover, the price as a competitive advantage. When it comes to high-priced products, customer bargaining ability is weak, is a price taker, but will be improved in performance and other aspects of satisfaction. SWOT analysis The strength It had gained large-scale production, reduce the cost Computer quality is high Ensure that each computer novel style, complete function Localization of strong, to adapt to market changes Has a strong sales network Excellent after sale service, high brand awareness The weakness No core technology, keep up with the trend of INTER The staff overall quality to be improved, The huge gap between the capital and the channel with the opponent Marketing means is too single, Lenovo cuts Acquisition of the IBM, the business was not fully integrated The opportunity More and more consumers buy Computer Brand computer will become fashion Home appliances to the countryside Competition, some lack of operational capacity of the manufacturers will be eliminated Application of AMD series CPU, will give the computer market live into new nourishment Application of digital technology The threat Foreign well-known computer manufacturers to establish a base in China, the competition will be more intense Acers rise Manufacturers cut one anothers throats frequent price wars The new brand computer, cause market turbulence Open market after WTO, a Foreign Company, in our country Analysis of Lenovo’s advantage novo Group has three production bases, which are located in the Beijing Shangdi, Shanghai Pudong, Guangdong Huiyang, annual production scale of 5000000 computer, realize large-scale production, reduce the cost, can resist the price war. At room temperature, high temperature test test procedures in strict accordance with the standards and technical parameters, to ensure that each factory product quality and excellent quality of computer. A huge R D syst em, ensure that every computer novel style, complete function. Localization of business to Lenovo to better understand consumer demand, adapt to market changes Has a strong sales network, and further strengthen the terminal control. By virtue of high-tech, information technology industry leading, provide cover pre-sales, sale, after sale service throughout the professional IT product service brand for its. Service to the customer to the sunlight warm, thoughtful, meticulous, omnipresent. Have a higher brand awareness. Analysis of the disadvantages of Lenovo No core technology, keep up with the trend of INTER. Company staff is numerous, the staff overall quality to be improved. Funds compared with channels and foreign competitors, there is a huge gap Marketing means is too single, difficult to move forward in the international market. Lenovo Lenovo headquarters layoffs, although that is given adjustment, but in the industry view, the profit is too low is the fundamental reason. Although the merger and acquisition of IBMs PC business, but no full integration, promote the whole development of Lenovo is not too large. Lenovo opportunity analysis The development of the domestic computer market rapidly, more and more consumers buy computer. With the improvement of peoples living level, the brand of computer will become fashion, gradually replacing assembling machine. In 2009 the government launched the home appliances to the countryside activities Competition, some lack of operational capacity of the manufacturers will be eliminated. Application of AMD series CPU, will give the computer market live into new nourishment. Application of digital technology, will be more to stimulate consumer buying computer and computer replacement Lenovo threat analysis Foreign well-known computer manufacturers (such as HP, Dell) to establish a base in China, the competition will be more intense. Acer Taiwan enterprises rise Domestic manufacturers to cut one anothers throats price war frequently cause the computer to the industry average profit rate, market price system disorder; foreign manufacturers have also joined the ranks of lower prices, has been close to the domestic manufacturers of the price, the market competition further intensified. A large number of new brand computer manufacturers have caused confusion in the market. With Chinas accession to the WTO, the market gradually opening up, foreign companies are more likely to enter the Chinese market. The policy response For Lenovo notebook product layout confusion, consumption and lack of innovation in. Lenovo notebook should integrate the ThinkPad business and Ideapad consumption in the production line, have a clear positioning, in different market increase innovation, improve the two production lines after sale service. Lenovo notebook to seize market share, blind prices reduce corporate profits, damages the high-end business machine brand awareness. Therefore Lenovo notebook with reasonable profit maximization as the goal, business and consumer the market subdivision, differentiated pricing. In order to meet the different channels, Lenovo notebook for large customer industry can build customer department, take a similar way of direct marketing Sales promotion is not enough, advertising heavily made ineffective, negative effects of two public relations crisis. So in the advertisement marketing: ThinkPad to refined style, Idea pad taken at the bombing of popularizing strategy. And to strengthen the governments relationship marketing, manufacturing media event marketing, to eliminate the negative effects of. As long as the association to cope with the market requirements, and make positive and effective countermeasures, Lenovos future will give better.

Running head Iliad and Medea an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

Running head: Iliad and Medea Pride is known to be a double-edged concept, it could be either good or bad for us. The former is something that one should uphold, while the former is just a glorified form of stubbornness. There are people who should take pride in the way they are living, and there are people who should swallow their pride. Although pride is a common term, it has remained an abstraction and definitions seem to lack full grasp of the concept. Fortunately, humanity was endowed with the gift of mythology. Mythologies are fabled to posses the capability to tell us about our humanity. The texts at hand, Homer's "Iliad" and Euripides' "Medea," both have protagonists oozing with pride. And since they are considered heroes, they are expected to step-up a notch from the average. Both the protagonist of Iliad and Medea had exemplified pride in its most highest form, personal honor. Need essay sample on "Running head: Iliad and Medea" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Undergraduates Frequently Tell EssayLab specialists: How much do I have to pay someone to write my essay in time? Essay writers recommend: If You Think About Someone To Write Your Paper - Essaylab The Right Place! Both the plots of Iliad and Medea centers on the theme of pride. Moreover, both epics have protagonists that prioritizes personal honor. Achilles is probably the greatest warrior known in literary history. It shows in his characterization that he savors his gained reputation, he takes pride in it. One of the most rousing points of Iliad was when Achilles realizes the immense glory that he would gain if he would set forth and conquer troy (Lines 410-415). Achilles also took pride in his impressive collection of highly-prized items like the wheel of Hebe's chariot, the house of Hephaistos, the house of Poseidon, the scepter of Agamemnon, and even the throne of Zeus. It would require tremendous willpower to remain humble when one has such possessions. During the initial part of the story, Achilles had shown his pride when he denied participation in the war, a war that he did not start in the first place. But Achilles' personal honor had only shone when Patroclus was slain by Hector. Achilles had been pushed to fight for something more valuable than his reputation. At first glance it would seem that Achilles was fighting with the motivation of blind vengeance. What readers may overlook is that he was fighting for the honor of his fallen friend. This exhibition of honor is probably the most commendable of all the heroic acts of Achilles. It was almost a selfless act and yet both his own and his friend's honor were upheld. Of course the other characters of Iliad also exemplified overflowing pride. Paris shown much pride in his abduction of Helen which ignited the war. He wanted a beautiful woman from high society, a woman with a face (and reputation) to launch a thousand ships (320). The excessive pride of Paris had led him to snatch a wife of another man even though he is aware that his actions would cause a bloody war with thousands of deaths. Both the Greeks and the Trojans both defended their honor by besting each other in the battlefield. It is notable that even though the Greeks had launched a thousand ships and the Trojans also had an impressive fleet, no battle at the sea was mentioned in the text. This shows an admirable display of honor by the Greeks, because even though they have the advantage at the sea, they did not took the easy way out. In other words, the Greeks did not dishonored themselves as brave warriors. Instead they had fought in melee combat, man-to-man, to uphold the infamous Greek honor. As for Euripides' Medea, personal honor was expressed through the voice of a woman. Medea was unmistakably a woman of immense pride. She wanted a man with an admirable reputation and capability to achieve the extraordinary. It was a requirement for her marriage that Jason would first have to acquire the Golden Fleece, which demands undergoing life-threatening ordeals (Line 480). Medea's husband, Jason, was also a man of great honor. However, Jason did not honor his marriage with Medea, a seen on the latter portion of the narrative. By having another wife, Jason could have intended to feed the fire of his pride with a more combustible fuel: a new younger and likely a more attractive wife. This betrayal was the pivotal act for the protagonist. Medea had given up everything, including herself and her family, just to be married to Jason. She helped Jason overcome the ordeals of acquiring the Golden Fleece, even at the expense of her own pride and honor. Medea could have inherited the trait of prioritizing honor from her own father. During Jason's tale, the hero had to escape from Medea's father. To buy Jason time to escape, Medea killed her own brother and scattered the body around the island. She was aware that her father valued honor, that he would prioritize the recovery of her brothers body than search for Jason. When Medea learned of of Jason's betrayal, she gave us a hint as to what is running at the back of her mind "my husband is chief of villains... I am dishonored" (690-696). Even supporting characters, like the Nurse, had shown they even the non-royalty could be honorable. When she and the attendant learned of what befell their master. She took honor in being a loyal servant by remaining silent to not worsen the already troublesome situation, "I'll keep silence, if need be, on all" (66). The Nurse was almost constantly present at Medea's side to supress her masters depression and later on her fury. The Nurse seemed to be a person who is very knowledgeable about pride. She was certain of what would transpire after Jason's betrayal when she said "when one is stirred to his wrath / Dowers greater curse on the house" (130). Achilles and Medea had a similar approach to recovering one's lost honor. Both of them was furious with vengeance, which could also be treated as recovery of one's lost honor through stripping the trespassers with theirs. Achilles took the "eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" approach. When he had slain Hector, he tied the corpse to the back of his chariot. And as a way of expressing his wrath, he dragged the dead body all the way back to camp and defiled his body for days. As if he was still unable to honor the death of his fallen comrade. His immense pride was not satisfied by taking away Hector's honor and the honor of all of Troy. He wanted to humiliate Hector even in the afterlife. Being desperate, king Priam fetched his dead son's body, as if with the thinking that if he could retrieved his son's body, somehow he had regained Hector's honor. On the other hand, Medea conjured a plan for revenge that even crime fiction writers of today would envy. Medea had sent Glauce a poisoned garment and a coronet. Glauce could have thought that she could take pride in wearing such a beautiful dress and a valuable piece of jewelry. She was not aware that her own vanity would lead to her own death. On a personal interpretation, it was like saying "here is my shame that shrouds my once glorious honor, wear it for me, take it away to Hades along with my infidel husband. After that she stabbed to death hers and Jason's two sons. She was aware that sons are their father's pride. She learned this from her father during Jason's tale. These classic Greek texts had shown that they are truly a thinking civilization. Both the "Iliad" and "Medea" had exemplified the Greeks rich understanding of pride and honor. As opposed to contemporary notions of pride that it is something purely sinful, the Greeks recognized that pride was the source of both glory and shame. During the climactic portion of "Iliad," Achilles wanted nothing more but to uphold his fallen comrade's honor by killing the perpetuator. He subjected himself to the clash of hundred of swords and a storm of uncountable arrows. Even though he exuded fighting prowess no mortal ever shown, the gods favored his enemies, he died for he was still a mere mortal. On the other hand, Medea was a woman of power, both literally and figuratively. Her pride had shone during the times when she was stripped of her honor as a wife. For both Homer and Euripides, honor is something to be treasured as something valuable as the golden fleece. As seen in the epics, the lack of honor resulted to the immediate fall of the supporting characters. Through the lives lead by the protagonists, we see that that pride is recognized as a necessary element for greatness. However, it is also the spark that sets the soul on fire with corruption. The Greeks knew that personal honor was a heroic trait. But if one's honor is stepped upon, the trespassers should be ready for a war. Both the authors expressed that the only way to recover lost honor is at the expense of the honor of their adversaries. References Euripides. (1950). Medea. ON: Penguin Group Homer. (2007). The Iliad. NJ: Princeton University Press

A Complete Fall Color and Autumn Leaf Viewing Guide

A Complete Fall Color and Autumn Leaf Viewing Guide One of natures grandest color displays - the autumn tree leaf color change - will develop as early as mid-September in the northern latitudes of North America. This annual autumn tree leaf change will manifest itself in living fall color through most of October, then wane toward the end of November in the southern part of the United States. You will have at least two months of quality autumn leaf viewing somewhere in North America. The best part about viewing the fall color is, it wont cost one red cent to enjoy - that is if you are lucky enough to live in or near a deciduous forest or have trees in your yard that express fall color. All others better get ready to pay for the experience. City escapees spend over one billion dollars each season taking in what many consider the splashiest show in nature. Autumn leaf viewing is a major vacation attraction - especially throughout New England, the central Northwoods and the Appalachian Mountains of the Eastern United States.  No forestry site would be complete without some mention of the October tree viewing pilgrimage - and how people can better enjoy viewing the autumn foliage. This quick leaf-viewing reference includes some basic tree leaf science and leaf viewing tips, along with enough information to enhance your next autumn leaf viewing trip. Use this guide as a starting point for your next leaf-viewing vacation. Starting Tips for Viewing Leaves Review the most beautiful trees naturally on display during fall leaf viewing season.Review these leaf silhouettes of common tree species.Get a recommended field guide to enhance the trip.Learn how to organize, build and display an autumn leaf collection.Use this field guide and key  to identify an autumn leaf by tree species. The Science of Leaf Change Fall leaf color change starts very subtly late in September and early October in temperate North America. Trees respond to such factors as autumn drying conditions, temperature change, altered sun position, and light. It takes approximately two weeks to begin and complete the fall color change so timing and a little luck are essential for the perfect view. Fall color change and flow take place as three primary waves in mixed hardwood forests. A simple flow and wave model was designed at the University of Georgia to illustrate what leaf experts call the fall color wave.   Autumn Leaf Color Change, The Anatomy of a Fall Leaf The major factor influencing autumn leaf color change is the lack of water. Not a lack of water to the entire tree, but a purposeful weaning of water from each leaf. Every leaf is affected by colder, drier, and breezy conditions and begins a process which results in its own demise and removal from the tree. The ultimate sacrifice of a leaf-bearing tree is the ultimate in visual pleasure for us. The broadleaf tree goes through a process of sealing off the leaves from the stem (called abscission). This halts the flow of all internal water to the leaf and causes a color change. It also seals the spot of leaf attachment and prevents precious moisture from escaping during winter dormancy. Fall Leaf Color Change Follows a Predictable Process of Chemical Leaf Change This lack of water to each leaf causes a very important chemical reaction to stop.  Photosynthesis, or the food-producing combination of sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide, is eliminated. Chlorophyll must be renewed (by photosynthesis) or be taken in by the tree along with photosynthetic sugar. Thus chlorophyll disappears from the leaves. Chlorophyll is the green you see in the leaf. Once the overwhelming chlorophyll color is removed, true leaf colors will dominate over the receding green pigment. True leaf pigments vary with the species of tree and thus the different characteristic leaf colors. And because true leaf colors are water-soluble, that makes the color disappear very quickly after drying out. Carotene (the pigment found in carrots and corn) causes maples, birches, and poplars to turn yellow. The brilliant reds and oranges in this fall landscape are due to  anthocyanins. Tannins give the oak a distinctively brown color and are the final persistent color most leaves turn before becoming part of the forest floor.   The  Virginia Tech Dendrology  department has two fascinating time-lapse films, one on a leaf turning color and one on a forest turning into autumn gold.   Viewing the Autumn Leaves University of Georgia silvics professor, Dr. Kim Coder, suggests there are ways you can predict how  beautiful a fall leaf color display will be. These simple predictors use known information and apply some common sense to forecast a season with surprising accuracy. By reviewing Dr. Coders key predictors, you will increase your chances of seeing the best leaves at just the right time.   TheFall Color Hotline Probably one of the best resources available online for leaf viewing information is the National Forest Fall Foliage Hotline, though you shouldnt expect to find up to date information until late September of the current leaf season. This federal phone hotline offers you information on viewing leaves in and around the U.S. National Forests and Parks. It is brought to you by the USDA Forest Service and is updated every year to reflect changing conditions and new sites.

IS Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

IS Security - Essay Example Therefore, manufacturers have come up with security systems that protect the operating system and application from attackers, but this system do not ensure 100 percent security guarantee. However, those produced for operating system are proving more effective than those developed for application due to various factors addressed in this paper. This has made most people come to a conclusion that there is less attention to applications compared to the operating system, which is not the case. Why a good level of security is achieved in operating systems than applications The frequent patching and updating of operating system limits the chances of attackers from attacking the system. On the contrary, it appears that operating systems get more attention than applications. This section provides information on why there is a perception that operating systems have higher levels of security than applications. ... On2 the same note, other types of threats that should be considered are interceptions, modification, fabrication and interruptions, which are similar to the threats experienced in computer applications.2 Applications run on the operating systems. Therefore, it is easy for an attacker to use the application file or vulnerability to attack the operating system either through one application or by infecting other applications. This enables the user or system administrator to detect the attack before affecting the operating system, hence the misconception that security threats are more prevalent in applications than operating systems. One difference between operating system security issue and application is file permissions. An example of this is when an application misunderstands the semantics of an operating system file or totally omits a check. This problem does not occur in operating systems; this stems from the fact that any attempt to open a given file will prompt a permission chec k as the file permissions link to individual files.2 On the other hand, some operating systems mechanisms result to complex security issues for the applications used today. Operating systems are not flexible in offering support, resulting to a compromised security issue. An example of such operating system is that of UNIX, which violates some privileges by only supporting a two level privilege that includes root and user. To limit these 3limitations, it introduces â€Å"set user id†, â€Å"set group id† and â€Å"chroot (2)† that are particularly limiting and inadequate. These applications aim to become responsible for granting permissions, accepting requests, and managing resources, which

Risk Analysis Look Magazine Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Risk Analysis Look Magazine - Research Paper Example A risk can be termed as the possibility of losing something of value or an uncertainty that hinder normal operation. This project aims at focusing on the various risks facing the Look Magazine and how they can be mitigated. The Look Magazine has the challenge of sourcing funds through sponsorship. Organizing a fashion show is an expensive undertaking that requires enormous resources and funds. The Look Magazine is not certain about getting sponsors to fund the entire undertaking. Lack of sponsors might result in finance problems, and this might paralyze the effective execution of the undertaking. The Magazine face stiff competition from other established brands such as Grazia, Glamour and Cosmopolitan. For this reason, vigorous advertisement and various promotional strategies have to be done to ensure that the Look Magazine does not exit the market (Mather, 2013). Therefore, lack of sponsors may hinder the Magazine from holding a glamorous fashion show. Launching the new app for the magazine is not a cheap venture. The magazine requires enormous funds for it to develop a unique App that is different from those of its competitors. In this regard, the magazine faces the risk of sourcing funds to launch the App. In addition, the Look Magazine faces the risk of technical problems since the existing staff is not well acquainted to the new App. Generally, launching the new App is not a smooth process and therefore several risks are anticipated to take place. Competitor magazines such as the Grazia, Glamour and Cosmopolitan have established various marketing strategies that are tailored to win more customer. The three main competitors (Grazia, Glamour and Cosmopolitan) may choose to organize fashion shows as well. If the competing magazines organize a similar event, the Look Magazine is at risk of losing some of its existing customers if effective measures are not taken on time. Competitors pose a challenge to any business and therefore firms should

Peer Reviewed Articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Peer Reviewed Articles - Essay Example it of exhibiting bureaucratic element who are underpinned on the planning budget of every financial year, controlling and organizing the institution management board. The dichotomy between the two has been backed by theories related to management that are consistent with scientific management proposed by Fredric Taylor. Jointly the finding has a revelation that present time is not getting updated information on 21st century. Abraham Carmeli, Roy Gelbar &Roni Reiter-Palmon. Leadership, Creative Problem-Solving Capacity, and Creative Performance. Human Resource management 2013, Vol. 52, No. 1. Pp. 95–122Â © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The article Leadership, Creative Problem-Solving Capacity, and Creative Performance: The Importance of Knowledge Sharing was written by Abraham Carmeli in collaboration with Roy Gelbard and Roni Reiter-Palmon who presented a dyad of studies. They examined the possibility of leaders that are supportive of their behavior to enhance knowledge sharing and the employee creative problem solving capacity could have an influence on enhancing creative performance. The two reviewed studies had a revelation that leadership with habitual supportive behavior is directly and indirectly related, however, both internal and external knowledge sharing to creative problem solving capacity. It was observed that creative problem solving was related was related to a duo dimension of creative performance that is fluency and originality. In overall, the finding highlighted the complexity of the process by which leaders facilitate both internal and external knowledge sharing and employee creative problem so lving in order to increase the employee performance. The reliability of the two article was determined by examining the authors. They were experts in the field of the authorship presented. Secondly, the article was reviewed by other authors in the same field before the article was published. This makes the article reliable (Weller, 2001). Two criteria

How to Introduce a Speaker Essay Example for Free

How to Introduce a Speaker Essay Speech introductions are often an afterthought, hastily thrown together at the last second by someone with little knowledge of the speaker, their speech, or the value for the audience. And yet, speech introductions are critical to the success of a speech. While a strong speech opening is vital, nothing helps establish a speaker’s credibility more than a carefully-crafted and well-delivered introduction. This article gives you a series of practical tips for how to introduce a speaker to position them with the best possible chance to succeed. 1. Answer three core questions. When you are introducing a speaker, your primary goal is to prepare the audience and get them excited for what they are about to hear. To do this, you must answer these three core questions: * What is the topic? * Why is this topic important for this audience? * Why is the speaker qualified to deliver this talk? By addressing these three questions, you’ve given the audience a motivation for listening (the topic is important to them), and you’ve reinforced the speaker’s credibility. 2. Prepare and practice adequately. â€Å"While a strong speech opening is vital, nothing helps establish a speaker’s credibility more than a carefully-crafted and well-delivered introduction.† At all costs, avoid thoughts such as â€Å"Oh, I don’t need to prepare†¦ I’m just introducing a speaker.† Thoughts like that lead to stumbling, bumbling, off-the-cuff introductions which undermine your credibility and the credibility of the speaker. You should write out (and edit) the full introduction, check it with the speaker, and practice it several times. 3. Memorize it, or minimize your notes. Try to memorize the introduction; speaking without notes will add to your authority, and the audience will put more weight in your recommendation (that is, to listen to this speaker). If you are unable to memorize the entire introduction, then use as few notes as you can. Be sure you can you deliver the last sentence of your introduction without notes as this will maximize momentum for the speaker. 4. be positive and enthusiastic. The audience takes cues from you. If you seem disinterested, they will be disinterested. If you are (genuinely) positive and enthusiastic, they will be too. Your choice of words, voice, gestures, and facial expressions should all convey enthusiasm. So, how do you ensure you are enthusiastic? 5. Get to know the speaker. It is difficult to get the audience excited about the speaker if you aren’t excited yourself. If the speaker is previously unknown to you — for example, suppose you’ve volunteered to introduce speakers at a large industry event — your introduction may lack sincerity. So, get to know the speaker. Google them. Talk with them. Ask others about them. Research the speaker and their expertise until you are excited by the opportunity to introduce them. 6. Eliminate mispronunciations. A sure way to weaken your own credibility and that of the speaker is to mispronounce their name, the title of their presentation, or any other key terms. Luckily, this is easily avoided through practice and by confirming the correct pronunciation with the speaker well before the presentation. (Don’t wait until you are delivering the introduction to ask them — this looks amateurish.) â€Å"A sure way to undermine your own credibility and that of the speaker is to mispronounce their name, the title of their presentation, or any other key terms.† 7. be accurate. Being accurate is as important as correct pronunciation, perhaps more so. Make sure you know the precise years, facts, or details. If you make factual errors, many speakers will feel an irresistible compulsion to correct you. This is a lousy way for them to begin their speech, and will almost certainly kill their momentum. 8. Don’t alter the speech title. Many speakers craft their presentation title very carefully, and the words matter to them. The title may be a phrase they want the audience to remember, it may reflect language used on accompanying slides, or it may be a humorous play on words. Don’t change it under any circumstances. (And, of course, know how to pronounce it.) 9. Should you attempt humor? In most circumstances, no. Your objective is to get the audience excited about the topic and the speaker, and this is not the time to tell humorous anecdotes about the speaker. Save those for a roast! There are exceptions (as there are to all public speaking advice), and you’ll have to use your judgment. If this speech is part of a longer event, and the preceding talk has been particularly sad or low on energy, then it may help to lift the spirits of the audience. If you need to do this, do it early in your introduction, and then move on to the more thought-provoking content leading to your climax. 10. Don’t give an outline of the speech. I was once introduced by someone who had seen a longer presentation I gave on the same topic two years prior. Not only did they ignore the introduction I had written for them, but they gave a detailed outline of my whole talk, including which parts were their favorites! Unfortunately, my outline had changed substantially, and they had created unreasonable expectations and sabotaged my talk. Avoid undermining the speaker by giving too many details about the speech, telling anecdotes from their speech, or making promises about details in their presentation. It is the speaker’s job to decide how and when they reveal their outline. Keep your introduction at a high level, unless they have specifically asked you to do otherwise. 11. Stick to relevant expertise of the speaker. One very common mistake is to recite a lengthy list of biographical details (education, awards, former job titles, publications, etc.) which may or may not be relevant to the topic being presented. This is especially common at academic conferences. For example, avoid introductions such as: Our speaker grew up in Seattle and graduated at the top of her mechanical engineering class at Carnegie Mellon University. She went on to earn a Master’s Degree from Duke University, and a Ph.D. in Computer Science from Harvard. She is a member of the Automotive Engineers Association, and a two-time recipient of the Stone Award for Distinguished Linguistics Research. She was previously the Director of Research at Hasbro, and is currently the CEO for the Miami Dolphins. Her talk today is entitled â€Å"How to Dougie.† A much better introduction would touch on how many years the speaker had Dougying whether she had been trained or self-taught, and that she had written a book on this topic. Okay, maybe that example was a bit extreme. But, even if the speaker has a lengthy list of biographical details that are related to her talk, there’s no need to recite them all. Pick a small number (about three) that are most relevant — usually the most recent details. Why not give all the details? 12. Don’t overdo it. Long introductions filled with biographical details are bad for two main reasons: * Long introductions are boring. Nobody attends an event to listen to the introducer go on and on. * Long introductions are pompous. Reciting dozens of professional accolades gives the impression that the speaker cares only about himself and his ego. Keep your introduction just long enough to accomplish your goals: [1] what’s the topic, [2] why does it matter, and [3] why is the speaker credible? â€Å"Keep your introduction just long enough to accomplish your goals: [1] what’s the topic, [2] why does it matter, and [3] why is the speaker credible?† I’m a big fan of short introductions in just about all situations. Sixty or ninety seconds is usually ample time. For really long presentations, (e.g. keynote addresses lasting an hour or more) two or three minutes may be warranted. 13. Avoid clichà ©s. How many times have you heard: â€Å"This speaker needs no introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ? While the speaker may indeed be well-known to the audience, nearly every speech benefits from a brief introduction. 14. Avoid exaggerated hype. Your introduction should get the audience excited about the presentation, but don’t take it too far. For example, it is reasonable to claim that the presentation will help the audience solve a business problem, save time, or understand the complexities of tax policy. But, it doesn’t help anyone to claim that â€Å"this presentation will solve all your problemsâ€Å", or that it is â€Å"the best presentation you’ll ever hearâ€Å", or even that â€Å"you’ll be amazed by what you are about to hearâ€Å". Proud expectations will actually have a detrimental effect, because the audience will feel challenged to prove you wrong. 15. Build to a climax. Your vocal delivery (strength and volume) should build toward the end of your introduction. (Keep it reasonable†¦ there’s no need to yell.) By doing so, the audience will be compelled to welcome the speaker with loud applause. One effective way to do this is to end with the speaker’s name and explicitly encourage applause: Ladies and gentlemen, please join me in welcoming our guest speaker, Baby Girl! 16. Ensure a smooth transition. Know where the speaker will be as you speak your last words so that you can turn in that direction to greet them. Etiquette dictates that you should wait for them to come to you (e.g. on the stage, or at the lectern) and then shake hands before you leave. Shaking hands is a symbolic gesture that indicates you are â€Å"handing the floor† to them. Occasionally, the speaker may have a special entrance planned. (e.g. entrance music, a staged stunt, something with a prop) Make sure you ask the speaker about this, and do whatever you can to support them in a successful entrance. How to Introduce a Speaker: 16 Essential Tips for Success Preparing an Oral Report Follow these steps to put together and deliver a first-rate presentation. Step 1. Research the Facts Gather information about the subject of your oral report. List the facts and interesting information from your reading, taking notes accurately. Remember that relevant details and vivid descriptions will make your oral report more interesting, as will visual aids such as maps, charts, and pictures. Step 2. Organize Your Information Organize your oral report in three parts. †¢ Introduction How will you introduce your report? What will be your first line? Write a short introduction that briefly explains what your report will cover. †¢ Body Organize the main points of your report. They should follow a logical order. Be sure that: all your information is accurate; you have included information from your research to support your main points; you use details and descriptive sentences to make your report interesting. †¢ Conclusion Write a short conclusion. You can use the conclusion to: wrap up and restate your main points; draw upon your main points to formulate a personal opinion concerning the topic of your report. Step 3. Practice Giving the Oral Report Practice presenting your oral report with a friend or family member. If no one is available, try practicing in front of a mirror. Keep the following points in mind when you give your report. †¢ Hold your body upright and face your audience. †¢ Speak clearly and deliberately—you want everyone to hear what you have learned. †¢ Refer to your notes only when necessary. Step 4. Make A Final Copy of Your Report Notes Use your notes to make a final outline of your report and put it on one index card or half-sheet of paper. Try to use this card alone when giving your report. Refer to the rest of your notes only if absolutely necessary. http://go.hrw.com/resources/go_ss/teacher99/toolkit/TOOLKT19.pdf

Husband Battering Essay -- essays research papers

Husband Battering: A Serious Problem Billboards, radio, and TVads across the country proclaim that â€Å"every fifteen seconds a women is beatenby a man.† Violence against women is clearly a problem of national importance,but has anyone ever asked how often men are beaten by women? The unfortunatefact is that men are the victims of domestic violence at least as often aswomen are. While the very idea of men being beaten by their wives runs contraryto many of our deeply ingrained beliefs about men and women, female violenceagainst men is a well-documented phenomenon almost completely ignored by boththe media and society. The first reaction uponhearing about the topic of battered men, for many people, is that of incredulity.Battered husbands are almost a topic for jokes - such as the cartoon image of awoman chasing her husband with a rolling pin. One researcher noted that wiveswere the perpetrators in 73% of the depiction of domestic violence in newspapercomics (Gelles 1974). Battered husbands have historically been eitherignored or subjected to ridicule and abuse. In 18th-century France, a batteredhusband "was made to wear an outlandish outfit and ride backwards aroundthe village on a donkey" (Langley & Levy 1977). Even those of us wholike to consider ourselves liberated and open-minded often have a difficulttime even imagining that husband battering could take place. Although feminismhas opened many of our eyes about the existence of domestic violence, and newspaperreports often include incidents of abuse of wives, the abuse of husbands is ararely discussed phenomenon. One reason researchers andothers had not chosen to investigate husband battering is because it wasthought to be a fairly rare occurrence. Police reports seemed to bear this out,with in some cases a ratio of 12 to 14.5 female victims to every one malevictim. But another reason is that because women were seen as weaker and morehelpless than men due to sex roles, and men on the other hand were seen as moresturdy and self-reliant, the study of abused husbands seemed relativelyunimportant (Steinmetz 1978). In 1974, a study was done which compared male andfemale domestic violence. In that study, it was found that 47% of husbands hadused physical violence on their wives, and 33% of wives had used violence ontheir husbands (Gelles 1974). Half of the respondents in... ...involves denying thatwomen are victims. Women’s groups that help battered women could also helpbattered men, while men’s groups that counsel abusive men could make theirexpertise available to violent women as well. Continuing to portrayspousal violence solely as a women’s issue is not only wrong – it’s alsocounterproductive. And encouraging such unnecessary fragmentation anddivisiveness will ultimately do more harm than good. No one has, or shouldhave, a control on pain and suffering. But until society as a whole confrontsit’s deeply embedded stereotypes and recognizes all the victims of domesticviolence, we will never be able to solve the problem. Domestic violence is aneither a male or a female issue – it’s simply a human issue. References Farrell, W. (1986). Why men are the way they are.New York: McGraw-Hill. Gelles, R. (1974). The violent home: a study ofphysical aggression between husbands and wives. Beverly Hills: Sage. Langley, R., Levy, R. (1977). Wife beating: thesilent crisis. New York: Pocket Books. Mercy, J., Saltzman, L. (1989, May) â€Å"Fatal violenceamong spouses in the United States, 1976-85† American Journal of Public Health,79, 595-599.

PESTEL Analysis Kraft Foods Inc. Essay

PESTEL ANALYSIS The PESTEL framework categorises environmental influences into six main types: political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal. Thus PESTEL provides a comprehensive list of influences on the possible success or failure of particular strategies. (G. Johnson, R. Whittington, K. Scholes (2011): 50). Political Relating to the protection of the environment Kraft Foods Inc. is subject to various federal and state laws in the United States, taking into account that it has manufacturing facilities in approximately 70 countries and a presence in 170 countries worldwide. Another factor is that the UK government took a decision to increase value added tax up to 20% that its previous level of 17.5% in January 2011 this can negatively the profits made in the UK (HMRC, 2010; The Guardian, 2010). Economic Kraft Foods Inc. products are made with fresh raw materials such as sugar, corn, grains, and coffee therefore, the price unpredictability can affect the profitability of the company. Given the economic uncertainty this has reduced the spending power of consumers. The overall operation of Kraft Foods Inc. is wide and large, however there are negative impacts on the company for example the exchange rates, fluctuations in currency can have an impact on the company’s earnings. Social The world is leaning towards being more health conscious therefore, consumers are looking for the more healthy option. This social pattern has provided the company in entering new and emerging markets where consumers are willing to spend more. Technological In recent years technology has advanced to help companies to reduce carbon-dioxide emission to protect the environment. Kraft Foods has adopted a course of action to assist with this cause. The company is investing in  nanotechnology (Kraft Foods, 2010). Environmental There are constant pressure from the Government and public agencies about the way in which companies operate and its impact on the environment. The use of new technology would assist with this problem. Legal The highly rigid and competitive industry is threatened by the inherent risks arising out of legal actions and failure to comply with laws and policies could affect sales and create consumer skepticism.

Pregnant Mothers Should Not Drink Alcohol Essay

Experts continue to differ on whether or not it is safe for pregnant mothers to drink alcohol. While others are of the opinion that moderate drinking is risk-free others espouse an extremist stance that even a single drink is a risk that could be too expensive to bear. The latter group believes that any alcohol during pregnancy is a risk. They dogmatically argue that while some governments set regulations to limit the amount of alcohol consumption for mothers-to-be, no amount of alcohol is safe for mothers-to-be and that even the small amount advised can be disastrous to the unborn baby. These ‘extremists’ feel that governments are being complacent on the issue and warn mothers that the only way they can be certain of the health of their unborn babies and protect their dreams is by abstaining from alcohol. â€Å"The only guaranteed safe way is not to drink at all when you are pregnant,† Dr. Raja M. states. Dr. Raja says that one in every 100 babies born is damaged by their mothers drinking while pregnant. He explains that many children who develop behavioral problems due to exposure to alcohol while still in the womb are incorrectly diagnosed as having other conditions such as attention deficit disorder. Alcohol, which is a real culprit, goes unnoticed. (http://new.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/3651050am)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In some countries like US and France alcohol beverages carry warming about the potential for damage to unborn children. This is an important step towards sensitization of mothers-to-be on the risks drinking may expose their unborn babies to. Well, other mechanisms should be beefed up to sensitize and prohibit pregnant mothers from drinking alcohol For instance, the government should not depict itself as saying â€Å"have a few drinks and that is alright†. No. Stricter laws and a no-drinking policy for pregnant mothers would be best. (Committee on substance abuse and committee on children with disabilities, 2000:25).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The ‘moderates’ believes that the risks caused by drinking alcohol by pregnant mothers are not as serious as they are made to appear. They want to believe that drinking a little amount of alcohol is safe and harmless. While they agree that alcohol has some negative side effects on unborn babies, they argue that in most cases the risks are ballooned and grossly exaggerated. After all, not all mental retardation cases are caused by prenatal alcohol consumption. And again, some babies whose mothers don’t drink while pregnant are still born with Mental retardation and other similar complications. (Streissguth, 1997:213).   Pregnant mothers adopting such a stance may feel psychologically ‘safe’ to drink while in real sense they are doing irreparable damage to their unborn babies. If and when pregnant mothers drink at the expense of their unborn babies, don’t they depict themselves as selfish and inhuman? Which is better, believing that it is safe to drink and jeopardize their babies’ lives or avoiding alcohol, which means avoiding the risk? The same way abortion is inhuman to the fetus, drinking alcohol is no less. Why insist on a drink that will ruin the entire life of your baby?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Medics and other human developmental specialist agree that alcohol can cause fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). FAS is a disorder of the offsprings born of mothers who drink alcohol during pregnancy. Sadly, this disorder is permanent birth defects. â€Å"Alcohol crosses the placental barrier and can stunt fetal weight or growth†. It can also cause facial stigma, damage brain structures and causes other mental physical and behavioral problems like attention deficit disorders, impulsive behavior and poor memory. The prenatal alcohol exposure damages the developing brain cells and structures. This causes malformed and underdeveloped brain structure resulting in primary cognitive and functional disabilities. It also causes secondary disabilities for instance drug addiction and mental health problems. With such complications, mothers-to-be should avoid alcohol. (Http://alcoholism.about.com/od/preg/pregnancy-and-drinking.htm).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Remember the risk of brain damage exists during each trimester since the fetal brain develops through out the entire gestation period. While prenatal exposure to alcohol does not ways result in FAS, abstaining from alcohol use is essential due to the risk involved. Research findings show that FAS is the leading known causes of mental retardation in the western. In the USA alone, FAS prevalence is estimated to be higher than any other developmental disabilities such as Spina bifida and Down syndrome. Again, the lifetime medical and social cost of each child with FAS is estimated to be about  ¾ million dollars. (Http://alcoholism.about.com/od/preg/pregnancy-and-drinking.htm). Does this provide a cogent reason why pregnant mothers should avoid alcohol consumption?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Growth deficiency and CNS damage are major symptoms and complications that make FAS serious. Mother-to-be should realize alcohol is a teratogen- there is no clear consensus as to what level of exposure is toxic. Amount, frequency and timing of prenatal alcohol affect the impact of FAS. Ulleland (1972:123) says, â€Å"FAS require comprehensive and multi-model approaches to ameliorate the negative effects†.   Since FAS is a syndrome, the complexity of medical and other interventions applied in treatment of multiple disabilities caused by FAS make it a risk worth avoiding not daring. (Ulleland, 1972:123)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pregnant mothers and their counselors or attendants should know that FAS has no cure and no treatment can prevent alcohol from affecting unborn babies. Worse still is the fact that caring for a baby with FAS takes patience. These babies can be too sensitive to light and sound. Feeding may also take extra time and energy as the baby may have problems sucking. Their thinking, reasoning and language skills may be impaired. (McCreight, 1997:58).   With all these downsides, how can mothers justify their use of alcohol!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     With such evidence, anyone would be justified to conclude that pregnant mothers should, if they care for their unborn babies and for themselves, avoid alcohol. We have seen that prenatal alcohol is perilous to unborn babies and therefore should be shunned by all means. Abstinence from alcohol is the best. Works Cited Any alcohol a risk in pregnancy http://new.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/3651050am Accessed on line on 21st November 2007 18:13: 48 GMT Buddy, T. A guide to Alcoholism. / Pregnancy and drinking.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Http://alcoholism.about.com/od/preg/pregnancy-and-drinking.htm Accessed online on 21st November 2007 1:40:15 GMT. Committee on substance abuse and committee on children with disabilities   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Pediatrics 106(2) 358-361. 2000. McCreight, B. (1997).Recognizing and Managing Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Fetal Alcohol Effects: A Guidebook Chapter 10. Washington   DC: Child Welfare League of America Inc. Ulleland, C.N. The offspring of alcoholic mothers. Annuals new book   Ã‚   academy of science. 197 PMID. 1972 Streissguth, A.P. (1997). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A guide to families   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   and communities. Baltimore U.S.: Brookes Publishing Company.

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